photo- red-phase screech owl from Wikipedia
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photo- red-phase screech owl from Wikipedia
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Written by Nancy Nabak, Communication & Development Coordinator
New Year’s resolutions always seem to be the same: eat less, work out more, and get in touch with friends that you haven’t talked to in years. This year I’m considering something different and hope you’ll do the same. I’m imagining my back yard as reaching all the way to South America. My second resolution is not to give up coffee, but to purchase more family owned, shade-grown java. The two resolutions go together.
I figure that if I can see my backyard as including Central and South America, then I have beautiful neo-tropical songbirds to call my “own” year ‘round. Why does this changing view matter? Because we as humans, tend to care for what’s literally within our reach.
Recently, I attended a presentation on family owned, shade-grown coffee. Like the coffee I start my day with, it was eye opening. I didn’t realize this, but coffee is the second largest trade commodity in the world. Something with this big of an economic impact can have a significant influence on an ecosystem’s sustainability, and the needs of our songbirds.
Songbirds have experienced major decline since the 1960s, including the Wood thrush, with a 60% species loss. Have you ever heard the beautiful “ee-oh-lay…” of the Wood thrush? It lifts your heart and carries your soul to the spirit of the woods. This thrush forages in leaf litter, so it does well in shade-grown coffee farms. Where there is no leaf litter… you get it. In general, coffee farms that have more canopy and surrounding forests, even fragmented, sustain more migratory and resident bird species.
How your backyard resolution makes a difference: You can feed birds (and protect habitat) in Central and South America by buying bird-friendly coffee. Your small purchase supports their food sources. This is just as relevant as you putting seeds in your feeders here.
“Bird Friendly” coffee can come in many varieties. There are certification guides that can be found on line to get an idea of what “shade grown” means and what brands you may choose to support. If you are familiar with LEED certification for architecture, it’s similar with coffee certification. The top certification, “Bird-Friendly (Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center)” is the only true shade-grown certification. However, there are many small shade coffee farms that are not certified at this level (expense), but are very bird friendly. Ask your Roaster about their coffee supplier and how their coffee is grown. Read labels in the grocery store. Great news: because of our purchase choices, the demand for smaller, shade focused coffee farms is on the rise.
In this new year, I ask you to join me. Let’s extend our backyards and do a little more for our birds. I know I can make a difference through a simple cup of coffee, and so can you.
The recent snow has revealed a lot of activity at Woodland Dunes involving animals which live here but are seldom seen. There are many fox tracks, mice, weasels, coyotes, and off the end of cattail trail – otters. Like so much of nature, all of these things often pass unnoticed while we busy ourselves with other matters.
People who study wildlife have developed tools which eventually filter down from the hands of experts to those with a casual interest. Some activities, out of necessity, have to be restricted to researchers because they involve catching live animals, and may risk injury to the animal. Certain tools, like location transmitters or even markers such as bird bands can cause problems. Some technologies, like digital photography can be benign or intrusive depending on the user. Even though taking a photograph won’t hurt an animal, it is possible to harass wildlife beyond reason in trying to obtain the perfect shot. This can be true whether the photographer is on foot or using a drone to pursue animals.
But photography certainly doesn’t have to be intrusive, and this is well illustrated by the use of trail cameras. Trail cameras are positioned in a location where wildlife is likely to be seen, but not when people are present – triggered by motion. Cameras have come down in price to the point where almost anyone can afford to purchase and employ one on their land and the results are remarkable. At Woodland Dunes, our staff and volunteers set out trail cameras in a number of locations to track movements of deer and other animals. We have recorded the usual suspects- fox, coyote, owl, skunk, raccoon, mice, rabbit, squirrel, turkey, chickadee – everything we’d expect. And then there have been some really interesting finds- a fisher, an occasional bear, otters far from the water, a badger, and most recently, a bobcat.
Bobcats have been reported several times by visitors over the years, but our staff hasn’t been able to verify the presence of the animals. A couple of weeks ago, a neighboring landowner texted a photo wondering if it was indeed a bobcat image. There was no doubt, and the photo was taken very near where one of the reported sightings took place a year or so ago. That same day a bobcat was reported in Two Creeks. This week another trail cam photo was taken across the river from our preserve, and yet another from the original location off our Willow Trail. In researching the status of bobcats in Wisconsin, I found an interesting article written by Paul Smith from the Milwaukee Jounrnal-Sentinel from September of this year.
Bobcats are found in every state among the lower 48, and it is estimated that there are about 3.5 million of them in the U.S. In Wisconsin, like many predators, they were almost wiped out with bounties placed on them as late as the 1960’s. Recognizing that they are important parts of the ecosystem, the DNR wisely regulated the harvest of the animals and began to study them scientifically so that a realistic management plan could be developed. As a result, the population of bobcats is now stable and increasing, and they are again being seen in places that have been lacking them for many years.
Being seen is a relative term; however, because they are so secretive. They are often loners and are most active at dawn and dusk. They usually prey on small animals like mice and rabbits, along with the occasional bird or even a small deer. Most are about three feet long and from 20-35 pounds, although a large one may be 50 pounds. In my many years outdoors, I’ve only seen one.
Bobcats are the 41st. mammal species recorded at Woodland Dunes. They are meant to be here, and we welcome them. Predators like bobcats are critically important to the health of wildlife populations by maintaining a balance among prey species, and actually improve the health of their prey by removing sick and weak animals and preventing overpopulation. Predators aren’t competing with us- they fit seamlessly into the ecosystems that we depend on for our health and enjoyment. It is difficult to second-guess nature as to how that balance should work. Rather than trying to bend the fabric of nature to suit us, we will be more successful if we work hard to understand nature before we alter ecosystems too much.
So, welcome back, Bob. Its been a long time, and we’re happy you’re here.
photo- from trail cam of bobcat sent by Justin Powalicz, taken adjacent to Woodland Dunes
I don’t know about you, but this year’s autumn, as wonderful as the season was, seemed to pass as swiftly as the migrating nighthawks and then just vanished. I am left with nothing more than a memory of a warm, golden sunshine and evenings by the river, trees dripping with warblers, and the ground full of sparrow sounds as they anticipate another night’s flight. Reality sets in and is followed by a sudden transition from a tan to white landscape.
We all need a break, I think, and winter is a gift if we take advantage of it. Like the wildlife around us, I think we tend to gear up in the fall, but we don’t always take time to recover in the cold. Of course, taking a break doesn’t mean one’s imagination will go dormant.
The first walks across the land in winter are so revealing. Tracks reveal mammalian neighbors that we’ve forgotten during warm times- fox tracks cross the yard, but I haven’t actually seen a fox in months. The crimson and gray remains of what was once a cottontail are starkly evident in the snow, coyote tracks all around. A muddy patch reminds me that there is a spring on the hillside- a great place for a trail camera to be placed. Pine siskins scold each other harshly as they fly over. The river hasn’t completely frozen in the shallows yet, and a few ducks pass by to take a look. Perhaps a great blue heron lingers? No, not today.
A couple of chickadees follow along for a while. Despite their cute appearance they are probably wondering if I’ll scare up a meal for them – or do the dirty work and leave them a carcass. Or maybe its my carcass they’re wondering about? Mine could feed a whole flock of chickadees for the winter. I decide that perhaps their intentions aren’t quite so gruesome, and concentrate on other wonderings.
As I cross a small field that a month ago launched hundreds of tufted milkweed seeds into the air I think about all the things beneath the snow- meadow voles that are tunneling just above the soil, springtails and spiders picking their way among the crystals, and the thousands of wildflower seeds sown late in the year, now sleeping beneath a safe, icy blanket. With each freeze and thaw they settle into the topsoil a little more completely. I hope their pollen feeds lots of little bees and their seeds will be feeding the goldfinches in a few years.
As I walk I think more and more about how the birds need the bugs, and how the bugs need the native plants, and how alarming it is that there seems to be more and more evidence that it’s getting to be harder for bugs to survive. We’ve long talked about how cockroaches will supposedly outlive human beings, mistakenly missing the importance of the survival of the roach’s cousins. We’ve failed, with the exception of a few exceptional folks, to fully appreciate what we’re still doing to the bees, beetles, and flies of the world in removing their native food and poisoning them beyond the borders of our crops. Perhaps the bugs need to be my livestock of choice, and the crops I plant should be those that sustain them in all their diversity.
All of these things: the plants, bugs, and birds are gifts of nature. We can’t possess these gifts, they all have lives of their own. The best thing we can do is to cherish what is given and to nurture, so that these gifts can be enjoyed forever by others.
My walk is done and I’m back in the warmth. I pull up the native nursery websites. Lets see, how many oaks should I plant for the warblers this coming year?
photo taken at Woodland Dunes by Nancy Nabak
This article was written by Jessica Johnsrud, education coordinator. Attached photo of Lake Michigan taken by Jessica Johnsrud
I recently moved to a new neighborhood and it has been a pleasure getting acquainted with the area. Almost every morning and each evening, I bundle up and take my dog for a walk. We meander on the sidewalks and grassy paths, greeting other folks who are out walking their four-legged friends. I’ve also met many other residents of the area that I may have overlooked, had I not taken the time to notice them.
The first neighbors I encountered proved to be a regal duo, perched high above in an old Cottonwood Tree. They stood very still as they looked out over Lake Michigan. Their bodies were dark brown, their head and tail feathers were white and their beaks and feet bright yellow. I’ve seen this Bald Eagle pair regularly and they tend to draw attention. More than once I’ve watched folks photograph the couple or pull to the side of road to watch them. Many times just one of the eagles is perched on the tree, perhaps waiting for the other to return with lunch.
When the eagles are elsewhere, I’ve noticed a small flock of European Starlings will gather in the tree. They are a loud bunch, singing a hodgepodge of songs including buzzy and squeaky sounds and something reminiscent of a red-tailed hawk’s call. Starlings are known for imitating other birds and even human-made sounds, so they are entertaining to observe.
While walking next to the large maple trees that line the road, I’m often greeted by White-breasted Nuthatches. I enjoy watching them creep along the trunks and branches, stopping to look around. They constantly chatter as they look for insects and good hiding spots to jam seeds into bark crevices.
I’ve also met some of the more shy residents in the area. Early one evening, I spied a young opossum waddling across the street. For many, this is an undesirable neighbor, but this unusual looking mammal helps keep the neighborhood clean by eating road kill, garden pests and even ticks. On a few occasions, I’ve scared up a Cottontail Rabbit that was nibbling on plants in the yard. The rabbit instinctively froze in my presence, hoping I didn’t notice.
Everyday I make it a point to say hello (and many times good night) to the most noticeable neighbor – Lake Michigan. I find her to be the most interesting, likely because of her many moods. Some days she’s chatty and full of life with rafts of ducks and geese floating on her rolling, sparkling blue-green waves. Other days she’s almost silent and her water eerily still and gray. Once in a while she seems upset and her waves topple over and crash into the shore. Regardless of her mood, I greatly enjoy our daily visits.
Next time you walk your neighborhood, take the time to slow down, observe the natural world and get to know your non-human neighbors.